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During summer, this means warm land-air rises, creating a space for the cool and moist air from the ocean. What causes ocean currents? The primary force which causes ALL winds is: pressure gradient force. Wind shear is higher near the coast, for example. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Even when farmers take precautions to protect it, the wind can erode up to 2.5 kilograms of loess per square meter (1.6 pound per square foot) every year.The most famous example of this devastating windstorm is probably the Dust Bowl of 1930s North America. The maximum pressure range of the atmosphere, as defined by the highest and lowest pressures ever recorded, is between: What units of pressure are used when air pressure is reported to the public in the United States? The overall strength of a circulation system is determined by: air would move directly from high to low pressure. More specifically, its differences in temperature between different areas. B) latitude Wind is the movement of air caused by the uneven heating of the Earth by the sun. In the southern hemisphere, anticyclonic winds flow: In the northern hemisphere, cyclonic winds flow: Instead of the air flowing straight out of a high pressure system, it spirals out in a clockwise direction. Fhn windsnicknamed snow-eatersdevelop as air descends over the Alps, creating a warmer climate in central Europe.Winds also help drive ocean surface currents around the world. As the land heats the moist air, it rises, cools, condenses, and falls back to Earth as rain. A coastal region, for instance, undergoes changes in wind direction daily. are greatly influenced by surface friction Which type of meteorological instrument is used to collect the necessary data for the production of upper-level weather charts? Coriolis 2. The horizontal movement of air is called ________. Choose the term that does not belong in the following group, and explain why it does not belong: book lung, trachea, spiracle, and green gland. Although its winds ultimately blew as far north as the U.S. states of Ohio and Kentucky, by the time it hit the coastline of the U.S. states of Louisiana and Mississippi, the storm surge was only about 1.5 meters (5 feet). It has a significant influence on wind direction. T/F:Stormy weather is more closely associated with anticyclones than with cyclones. In 1857, Dutch meteorologist Christoph Buys Ballot formulated a law about geostrophic winds: When you stand with your back to the wind in the Northern Hemisphere, low pressure is always to your left. The primary forces that cause large-scale motion in the atmosphere are as . T/F: The most important force causing the wind is due to the earth's rotation. Across the ocean, dust makes the sky hazy. (t/f), An isobar is a line connecting points of equal humidity. Europe endured years of cold, damp summers and pink sunsets.Winds ability to move earth can erode the landscape. More than 300,000 people died, and more than a million were made homeless. 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(t/f), Vertical air movement is necessary for the creation of a sea breeze. "Tornado Alley," a region that includes eastern South Dakota, southern Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, northern Texas, and eastern Colorado, is home to the most powerful and destructive of these storms.The most extreme tornado ever recorded occurred on March 18, 1925. The tornado thins out into the rope-like stage and dissipates a few minutes later.Most tornadoes have wind speeds of less than 177 kph (110 mph), and are about 76 meters (250 feet) across. You did not open hints for this part. clouds, cyclonic airflow is characterized by : The best explanation for the cause of atmospheric pressure is: The National Weather Service measures air pressure in the unit of a millibar, which is equivalent to: If the National Weather Service converted to the metric system, they would most likely report air pressure in which units? Age of SailThe ability of ships to sail with powerful trade winds helped determine the political and engineering history of the Age of Exploration, sometimes nicknamed the Age of Sail. Pressure gradient: initiates wind flow by directing wind out of high pressure and towards low pressure areas; determines initial wind speed according to the strength of the pressure gradient. Because of this, we get pockets of warm air and cold air. )Although monsoons impact tropical as well as equatorial regions, the wind itself is created as the ITCZ moves slightly away from the Equator each season. Dust Bowl storms could reduce visibility to a few feet, and earned names like "Black Blizzards." inward and clockwise )Wind ZonesThe Earth contains five major wind zones: polar easterlies, westerlies, horse latitudes, trade winds, and the doldrums.Polar EasterliesPolar easterlies are dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the east. Damage to homes, businesses, schools, hospitals, roads, and transportation systems can devastate communities and entire regions.Hurricane Katrina, which blew through the Gulf of Mexico and into the southern U.S. in 2005, is the most expensive hurricane in recorded history. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. (t/f), If pressure gradient was the only force acting on the air, it would move in a curved path. Which of the following would involve the greatest change in atmospheric pressure? In Minnesota, for example, tall towers throughout neighborhoods sound an alarm if a tornado is near.Measuring WindsWind is often measured in terms of wind shear. If the disturbance lasts for more than 24 hours and gets to speeds of 61 kph (38 mph), it becomes known as a tropical depression.When a tropical depression speeds up to 63-117 kph (39-73 mph), it is known as a tropical storm, and is given a name. To prepare butane-2-one, which of these compounds would you oxidize: propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2ol, or 2-methyl propane-2-ol? Winds carried ash from the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajkull, a volcano in Iceland, as far west as Greenland and as far east as Great Britain. Although it decreased in intensity, the hurricane was tracked through the U.S. state of Florida before dissipating in the Canadian province of Newfoundland.Hurricanes can be destructive in other ways. The area over which tropical storm-force winds occur is even greater, ranging as far out . Coastal communities are usually much cooler than their inland neighbors. The predominant summer wind direction is in favor of the batter. At the Equator, the sun warms the water and land more than it does the rest of the globe. The sun heats the surface of the earth unevenly because of the shape and tilt of the earth. T/F:Horizontal wind motion can help cause vertical air motion. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Winds. Typhoon Songda had a region of. Step-by-step explanation. AnemoiDeities representing the winds play an important role in mythologies around the world. And the bigger the difference between the pressures, the faster the air will move from the high to the low pressure. The strongest winds in the solar system, however, belong to its outermost planet, Neptune. Wind shear is measured both horizontally and vertically. This change in the doldrums disturbs the usual air pressure, creating the moisture-laden Southeast Asian monsoon.Results of WindWind traveling at different speeds, different altitudes, and over water or land can cause different types of patterns and storms.Jet StreamsJet streams are geostrophic winds that form near the boundaries of air masses with different temperatures and humidity. The rotation of the Earth and its uneven heating by the sun also contribute to the formation of high-altitude jet streams.These strong, fast winds in the upper atmosphere can blow 480 kph (298 mph). Unit 1: Fresh Water: Scarcity or Surfeit? The site editor may also be contacted with questions or comments about this Open Educational Resource. Some equatorial air masses return to the doldrums as trade winds, while others circulate in the other direction as westerlies. New Orleans, Louisiana, was almost completely devastated by Hurricane Katrina. This is something that happens in nature all the time: things always try to even out. Its readings may be too low or too high if the temperature varies from the expected. But, because it does rotate, the rotation of the Earth leads to the Coriolis effect. Due to the Gulf Stream, Northern Europe enjoys a much warmer, milder climate than other areas at similar latitudes, such as the U.S. state of Alaska.Impact on EcologyWind has the power to move particles of earthusually dust or sandin great quantities, and over far distances. Exam 2 - ch.6 Flashcards | Quizlet Meteorologists name the storms in alphabetical order, and alternate with female and male names.When a storm reaches 119 kph (74 mph), it becomes a hurricane and is rated from 1 to 5 in severity on the Saffir Simpson scale. Its winds were about 185 kph (115 mph) as it made landfall along the coast of the Bay of Bengal, in what is today Bangladesh. graph b (circled inward, counterclockwise). divergence at the surface Divergence in the atmosphere is best defined as: the primary force which causes all winds is: Neglecting friction, the speed and direction of the horizontal wind are determined by: True or False: air pressure is exerted in all directions, True or false: if the pressure gradient were at 1020 millibars it would be higher than normal, A steep pressure gradient: Morakot devastated the entire island of Taiwan, with winds of about 140 kph (85 mph). inertia, you would expect vertical airflow in a cyclone to result in Its actually temperature. And the bigger the difference between the pressures, the faster the air will move from the high to the low pressure. 78 The primary force which causes all winds is A inertia It blows from the northeast along the East Coast of the U.S. and Canada. Air from a high pressure area will move towards an area of low pressure. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts. That rush of air is the wind we experience. The addition of water vapor will cause the density of air to: Air pressure drops ________ with altitude in a column of cold (dense) air than in a column of warm (less dense) air. As air rises, the pressure lowers and surrounding air moves in to replace it, causing wind. Spanish, Portuguese, and British ships were quick, relatively easy to maneuver, and their large, complex series of sails exploited trade winds and southern westerlies to travel across the ocean. This is the force that causes high pressure to push air toward low pressure. Slows the wind speed, and in so doing, also reduces the Coriolis deflection. Jupiters famous Great Red Spot is actually a centuries-old hurricane-like storm, swirling at around 644 kph (400 mph). (t/f), Cyclones are characterized by converging surface winds and rising air. The pressure gradient force does not change, however, so the balance of the three forces in play at the surface is slightly more in favor of the pressure gradient. T/F:A wind direction of 270 degrees means that the wind is blowing from the southeast. What is the average sea level pressure in the United States? Germany has the most installed wind energy capacity, followed by Spain, the United States, India, and Denmark. Why is the 500-mb level chart important for forecasting? Take the convection heat transfer coefficient to be 25W/m2K,25W/m^2 \cdot K,25W/m2K, and disregard any heat loss by radiation. The cause of eye formation is still not fully understood. Subway StormThe Great Blizzard of 1888 shut down roads and rails along the East Coast of the United States. Driven by westerlies, the powerful Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) rushes around the continent (from west to east) at about 4 kilometers per hour (2.5 miles per hour). 0 describes conditions that are so calm that smoke rises vertically. NWS JetStream - Origin of Wind - National Weather Service T/F:Winds flow cyclonically around all areas of low pressure. Winds were sustained at 260 kph (160 mph). Ocean currents can be caused by wind, density differences in water masses caused by temperature and salinity variations, gravity, and events such as earthquakes or storms. The spiral (swirling counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) develops as a high-pressure area twists around a low-pressure area.The Atlantic Oceans hurricane season peaks from mid-August to late October and averages five to six hurricanes per year.Wind conditions that can lead to hurricanes are called tropical disturbances. Winds generally blow from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.The boundary between these two areas is called a front. The primary force which causes all winds is a. inertia force. Note particularly the dry belts near 30 degrees North and South. Wind turbines have a tall tubular tower with two or three propeller-like blades rotating at the top. However, cool winds (called rear flank downdrafts) eventually wrap around the tornado and cut off the supply of warm air that feeds it. These are jet streams. The primary force which causes all winds is: air would move directly from high to low pressure. The converging surface wind pattern of a low causes rising motion. When a hurricane reaches land, it often produces waves that can reach 6 meters (20 feet) high and be pushed by high winds 161 kilometers (100 miles) inland. Cold air masses form at the poles, where the sun's radiation is less intense. KamikazeLike the Protestant Wind, kamikaze were specific historical winds.