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It possesses 20 rows of smooth dorsal scales. Fire ants were brought to Gulf of Mexico ports accidentally by cargo ships from South America. Arizona Revised Statutes Title 17. They are prohibited without a possession permit and include: Residents may take, by hand or hook-and-line, 2 snapping turtles per day from the wild, up to 4 in possession. The underside is white with a chessboard pattern. Virginia valeriae valeriae. Physical Characteristics: This species can be seen in three colors: gray, green, or tan, and has dark bands of the respective color. It has around 21-23 rows of smooth dorsal scales. Normally an animal stung by a fire ant will flee and survive. Genus: RamphotyphlopsSpecies: Ramphotyphlops braminusAdult Length: 6.35-16.5 centimeters (0.2-0.5 ft.)Category: Small Garden Snakes. Their diet consists mostly of rodents, but they will also eat small birds, eggs and amphibians. This particular snake was not especially largeonly about a meter in length. Vacillating Wildly From Dispiriting to Exhilarating, recently became notorious for jumping into the water. Copyright 1999 - 2023 Louisiana Sportsman, Inc. All rights reserved. All contents 2023 The Slate Group LLC. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Primates are allowed that were owned prior to 01/01/2011 and grandfathered if owners registered the primate by 04/01/2011 and have followed up with proper notifications. Kansas Statutes Chapter 32. On a muggy day about 10 years ago in the Florida Everglades, Jack Shealy was riding his bike along a dirt road leading into the Trail Lakes Campground, where he has worked for decades. Department of Agriculture Chapter 27 sections 100 et seq. WebAn invasion of Burmese pythons has this natural wonder in a stranglehold. This places the pythonand her leathery eggsat risk of attack by marauding ants. Whether you already own an exotic animal, are thinking about purchasing one, or have been harmed by someone else's pet, contact apersonal injury attorneyto get a better handle on your state's exotic animal laws. It has 17 rows of smooth dorsal scales. However, it's important to keep in mind that while your state may allow you to keep certain animals as pets, there are often county or city rules which further restrict or prohibit such ownership. All venomous reptiles in the Crotalidae family, including rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths. They also occur in dry hardwood forests in the Felicianas. The ever popular and beloved king snakes are next! Physical Characteristics: This snake is very easy to recognize if you get a chance to see its belly. Copperheads have dark brown blotches on the underside, and about 23-27 rows of keeled scales on the back. Livestock section 36-01-08.4, Ohio Revised Code Title XV. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Big snakes like anacondas, boa constrictors and pythons now live in the wilds of southern Florida. including: Other animals that can be kept without a permit or license include: You may possess a prohibited animal if you owned it prior to 05/31/2006 and provided specific written notification to local animal control before 8/1/2006. The scales are keeled and in 19 rows. Mississippi Administrative Code Title 40, Part 2, Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks - Chapter 8, Missouri Revised Statutes Title XXXVIII. Florida Administrative Code sections 68A-.001, et seq. A "wild animal menagerie" permit is required to possess up to 10 captive-born bears or large cats. Restrictions on Dangerous Python & Anaconda Species To see all snakes in Louisiana visit: http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/node/38756. Louisiana. Title 5 Fish and Game. Constrictors bite and wrap their prey with their bodies, squeezing tighter and tighter until blood flow is cut off to the brain and they can no longer feel a heartbeat. Title 800. Wildlife and Management section 503.140, New Hampshire Revised Statutes Title 18 Fish and Game. Idaho requires a permit for tigers and other "deleterious exotic animals.". Ribbon snakes eat their prey live. Standing up, constantly casting, and moving along to new spots when nothing is happening. Invasive species fish and shellfish are banned. New Hampshire does not require a permit to possess "non-controlled" wildlife, including: Some animals are prohibited as pets, including: Some animals may be kept as pets without any permits, including: Permit required for certain animals, including but not limited to: New Mexico does not specifically list any exotic animals that can be kept as pets. Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer: southwest Louisiana; olive on top, fading to green with a bright yellow belly. Fish, Wildlife and Parks, section 12.6.2205. There are similar but dull stripes on the sides, with a whitish underside. Montana Title 50. The body is patterned with large square-shaped marks which alternate on the upper sides, back, and the lower sides. Chapter 207. There are about 19,000 square miles of swamps, marshes, rivers, lakes and other people who enjoy the anacondas in louisiana, delectable southern cuisine and It is between 14 to 45 inches long and usually beige, tan or pale gray. Conservation and Natural Resources sections 9-2-7 et seq. Arkansas Administrative Code, Game and Fish Commission, sections 09.01 et seq. Up to 4 per species of native reptiles and amphibians, legally taken by hunting or trapping. Texas Tornadoes Cause Multiple Buildings to Collapse, Photos Are you still not sure? You can't use commercial gear to capture them, and there are limits: A permit is required for keeping the following as pets removed from the wild: Some wild-caught native animals may be kept as pets without permits, so long as their environment complies with regulations. Code sections 48.1-09, North Dakota Century Code Title 36. All venomous reptiles in the Hydrophidae family, including sea snakes. Genus: PantherophisSpecies: Pantherophis slowinskiiAdult Length: 60-132 centimeters (2-4.3 ft.)Category: Constricting Snakes. Capuchins used as physical aides from recognized institutions and not in contact with the public. The dorsal scales are keeled and in 19 rows. The anaconda that Shealy had brought to him 10 years previously had refused to eat in captivity and died within a few monthswhich suggests the snake may have been born in the wild. This one too is a burrowing type of snake, and prefers to stay under loose soil, leaf litter, or beneath logs. As live-prey eaters, garter snakes use their camouflage to blend into their surroundings and catch frogs, toads, tadpoles, fish, small birds and rodents. A nonvenomous constrictor native to South America, the green anaconda is the biggest, heaviest species of snake in the world. This rattlesnake is considered one of northern Americas most dangerous venomous snake species. Physical Characteristics: The color could be a pale gray or tan, with 2 rows of dark black spots on either side of the back. Anacondas are large, nonvenomous boas found in tropical South America. Genus: StoreriaSpecies: Storeria occipitomaculataAdult Length: 15-35 centimeters (0.4-1.1 ft.)Category: Small Garden Snakes. The following animals cannot be kept as pets: Maine allows certain captive-bred animals to be kept as pets so long you have a permit, including: Laws generally limit the import and export of animals. The underside is whitish with brown spots. The belly has several rows of black spots. Natural Resources; Conservation, Reclamation, and Use section 379.3762. Stay tuned next month for information on more of our amazing snakes. Snakes are most active when temperatures are between 80-90 degrees Fahrenheit. Genus: NerodiaSpecies: Nerodia rhombiferAdult Length: 45-165 centimeters (1.4-5.4 ft.)Category: Water Snakes. Wild animal possession permits are required for certain wild animals. Wildlife Rules 800-25-25-3, Oklahoma Statutes Annotated. California kingsnakes that do not have between their head and vent a continuous pattern of bands or rings regardless of whether the bands or rings are opened or closed. So how do they hunt? Oregon Administrative Code sections 635-044-0480 et seq. Certain exotic pets are allowed, such as: Animals that are specifically not allowed include: An annual animal hobby permit is required to keep more than six animals (exotic or not) larger than a guinea pig and over four months old. It is impossible to contemplate a snake so large without wondering whether it would swallow a human. AnimalSake provides a list of species of Louisiana's snakes, and a brief description of each. It has a series of black, red and white or yellow rings, with each red and yellow ring bordered on either side by black, the rings continue across belly. Title 163, Ch. He jumped off of the bike and captured the angry snake by hand. at maturity and owned before 10/1/2010, Hybrids except for TICA, CFA, or ACFA domestic cat hybrids, Hybrid dogs with wolves, coyotes or jackels, Reptiles or amphibians that are not venomous or protected or endangered, European ferrets, if neutered by 7 months and with rabies vaccine, Sugar gliders, with valid documentation from the USDA, Exotic cat hybrids, such as savannah cats, Domesticated pigs, such as pot-bellied pigs. Snakes are natural predators, so killing them will Green anacondas in the Everglades: The largest snake in the Genus: TantillaSpecies: Tantilla gracilisAdult Length: 12-22 centimeters (0.3-0.8 ft.)Category: Small Garden Snakes. They sit very still and quietly along the water for a very long time with a piece of live or cut bait under a bobber. The next time youre in Louisianas forests, dont forget to say hello to these cold-blooded friends. They are notorious for attacking in swarms with extremely painful stings. Physical Characteristics: The color above is a dull shade of tan, while the head is a darker shade of tan; the undersides are pinkish. The head is patternless, often with a faint orange tint on the top, dull yellow on the sides. Over 100 different species can be kept in Arkansas without a permit, including: Households can have up to six animals of the following animals taken directly from native wildlife, so long as certain confinement conditions are met: Certain native and non-native animals cannot be owned as pets, including: The following exotic domesticated species are allowed: Restricted Species Laws and Regulations Manual 671 contains a lengthy list of prohibited animals, mammals, fish, and birds, including: Permits are required for the import, transport, and possession of any wild animals that are illegal to own. They typically have a distinct white spot in front of their eyes and also lack the dark vertical lines along the side of their mouths that garter snakes have. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. Physical Characteristics: The base color, as its name suggests, is gray, and sometimes tan with big dark brown or black spots on the back, and similar small spots on the sides. You will need a permit for any other "inherently dangerous" animals. Physical Characteristics: Its coloration ranges from tan, to brown, to gray; a patterned body with dark brown to reddish oblong spots going down the back, and a smaller series of similar spots along the sides. Physical Characteristics: The body coloration is grayish brown, or tan on the anterior, and pale yellowish to off-white below. Pet owners are limited to one Timber Rattlesnake. The Burmese pythons have become a well-publicized problem, but once I got down there and started spending time with the fishermen, bikers, reformed gator poachers, tour guides, smugglers, and biologists who inhabit the sparsely populated southern Glades, I found that the situation wasnt everything it was made out to be on the evening news. Endangered species cannot be kept as pets. Physical Characteristics: The color is a dull shade of tan. Louisiana: Anacondas In Louisiana - Blogger Connecticut General Statutes Title 26. The undersides are pale yellow, with two rows of black spots. Wolves and wild cats allowed with permit. You may also possess a prohibited animal if it is trained to help you with a severe mobility impairment. Utah Administrative Rule sections 657-3-2 et seq. The dorsal scales are slightly keeled with occurring in 27 rows. The Cottonmouth is one of Louisianas venomous snakes. Livestock sections 2-701 et seq. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. During the summer they are active at night and very early in the morning. The body is completely black above, and pink or reddish orange on the undersides. Though many New Mexico cities have much more stringent exotic pet laws than at the state level, some animals are forbidden as pets in the state of New Mexico, including: The health department has reserved the authority to place regulations on the following animals as pets: New York allows feline hybrids F4 or later as pets without any license or permit. Web/news/1462754999682-two-large-snakes-found-in-south-louisiana You can own a variety of exotic animals in Alaska, including: All live game is prohibited unless specifically permitted and listed in 92.029(b). Genus: FaranciaSpecies: Farancia erytrogrammaAdult Length: 63.5-152 centimeters (2-5 ft.)Category: Harmless Non-venomous Snakes. There are 25-27 rows of keeled dorsal scales. These stories of what could be record-breaking snakes are impossible to substantiate. Most people who think that they spot a skunk ape tend to keep the news to themselves for fear of sounding crazy, and until recently they felt the same way when they caught sight of a strange green snake big enough to swallow a Great Dane. Genus: MicrurusSpecies: Micrurus fulviusAdult Length: 40-90 centimeters (1.5-3 ft.). Green anacondas havent gained much attention as an invasive species, but the state of Florida has become concerned enough about them that photos for identification were included in the study guide that I was assigned before participating in the Python Challenge hunting contest. The Louisiana Association of Business and Industry hosted four GOP candidates for governor to ask them about how they would tackle Louisianas biggest issues. 2023-03-03T22:17:17.424Z. The scales are in 25-27 rows, and are slightly keeled. Physical Characteristics: These snakes have very slender bodies, and are abundant in various colors including shades of green, blue, yellow, gold, red, orange, brown, and black. Scales are smooth, and in 17 rows. Genus: DiadophisSpecies: Diadophis punctatusAdult Length: 25-38 centimeters (0.8-1.2 ft.)Category: Small Garden Snakes. The dorsal scales comprise 19 rows, and are keeled. A regional outbreak of severe thunderstorms, with damaging gusts of up to 75 miles per hour, hail as large as billiard balls or larger, and Alaska Statutes Title 16. Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders section 578.023, Missouri Rules of Department of Conservation Division 10Conservation Commission Chapter 4Wildlife Code: General Provisions section 10-9. Physical Characteristics: This is a small reddish/yellowish brown snake with an unmarked pale yellow underside. Home to several venomous as well as non-venomous snakes, Louisiana has been a constant attraction to snake enthusiasts who visit the area to study these reptiles. Genus: NerodiaSpecies: Nerodia sipedonAdult Length: 40-125 centimeters (1.3-4.1 ft.)Category: Water Snakes. Physical Characteristics: One of the threatened species, occurs in a pale tan color with dark brown or black blotches along the back. Its underside is whitish with spots; a pointed snout; and 27-33 keeled dorsal scales. Averaging 3 to 4 feet long, with a record of 72 inches, these snakes are great climbers and constrict their prey before eating. Arkansas Code Title 20. Montana Title 87. Chapter 10. sections 1 to 5, Amended Complaint for Negligence and Wrongful Death, Complaint for Personal Injury - Slip and Fall, Negligence and Personal Injury Questionnaire, Emotional Distress, Privacy, and Dignitary Torts. Physical Characteristics: This is a very tiny snake, and would resemble an earthworm. Upon provocation, cottonmouths will coil, open their mouths to expose the white lining, and shake their tails. This is, after all, the home of the legendary skunk ape. And many other invasive species were crawling around without receiving nearly as much attention. Certain exotic animal species require an Exotic Animal Possess Permit, including: Certain exotic animals cannot be kept as pets, including: Prohibited animals may be grandfathered in if they were registered with Animal Control by 01/01/2018. Physical Characteristics: The snake is of grass-green color, with keeled 17 row scaling and a yellow colored underside. In most environments, a snake that large would be difficult to hide. Its real No permit is required to possess agricultural or domestic animals, domestic cervids, or conventional household pets, including but not limited to: Idaho law prohibits possession of "deleterious exotic animals", which are defined as non-native and dangerous. But African-Americans of the Everglades have different fishing traditions. Government section 150A-6.2. A Class II annual permit is required for certain animals that pose more of a threat to human safety: Class III permit required for all other wildlife. Snakes are an important component of the ecosystem as predators and as prey for other wildlife. Western Earth Snake 9. Many exotic animals are allowed in Arizona, including: Arizona prohibits certain wildlife, including: Desert tortoises can be adopted on a short-term basis from April 1 to September 30 every year, in a special program through the state. Legally reviewed by Lisa M. Schaffer, Esq. Copperheads frequent forested and wooded areas. They are highly defensive and not inclined to get out of ones way. Lampropeltis calligaster. Michigan Fisheries Order 224.17 Regulations on the Take of Reptiles and Amphibians, Minnesota Statutes Animals and Property section 346.155, Minnesota Statutes Game and Fish section 97A.105. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The scales are keeled and comprise 15 rows. Predatory wildlife legally taken by hunting or trapping. The undersides, in all cases, are usually white, sometimes with a slight yellowish tinge. The dorsal scales are somewhere between 23-27 rows, and are keeled. Savannah cats that are not first generation, Bighorn sheep (except Nelson bighorn sheep), Most marine non-mammals except anadromous and catadromous species, Primates under 35 lbs. They can also be found at LA Snake Boyz on YouTube. Two bands extend from the top of the head converging in between the eyes. White people there usually go fishing the same way that I donoisily and conspicuously. Its tail is dark gray or black, and it possesses around 21-26 rows of dorsal keeled scales on its body. The belly and the undersides are red, orange, and rarely yellow or off-white. Indiana Code Title 14. Visit our attorney directory to find a lawyer near you who can help. Contact us. Eyewitnesses are usually alone, and everything grows in a fishermans recollections. Tornadoes strike Texas and Louisiana as storms pummel the South 4 sections 1-8, Nevada Administrative Code. In the former variant, an orange stripe extends from the eye to the angle of the jaw. Meeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and how to best protect your rights. Webare there anacondas in louisiana. Animals and Livestock section 77-18-1, New Mexico Administrative Code section 7.4.2.12, New York Consolidated Laws, Environmental Conservation Law - ENV section 11-0103, North Carolina General Statutes Chapter 153A. A distinct dark band is seen passing through the eye bordered by a pale line. North Carolina does not list any specific animals that can definitively be kept as pets. Physical Characteristics: Yellow, brown, tan, or reddish brown with a series of large reddish or orange spots running down the back lined with black borders; similar smaller pattern on the sides. I had a long conversation about green anacondas with Scholle one morning while he showed me the live 15-foot specimen in his own collection. Iowa allows the following animals without a permit: Certain wild animals are considered dangerous and therefore are banned as pets: Wild animals obtained and registered before 12/31/07 and microchipped by 09/01/07 are permitted as pets so long as they are registered with the state, and a lengthy list of requirements have not been violated. Natural Resources section 20-2-51, Wisconsin Statutes Police Regulations (Chapters 163 to 177) section 169.01, Wyoming Statutes Title 23. Genus: ThamnophisSpecies: Thamnophis sirtalisAdult Length: 38-114 centimeters (1.2-3.7 ft.)Category: Diurnal Snakes. These snakes have 15 rows of smooth scales all over their body, and show a lot of resemblance to the Harlequin Coral snakes. "It's a big snake. Alaska Administrative Code. These snakes often remain coiled near water, or on log jams in water, rarely ascending shrubs or palmettos. These constrictors eat rodents, small mammals and other snakes, including venomous ones. The Speckled Kingsnake is a rather large, constricting Snake, that can get between 12 to 24 inches long, according to the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. South Dakota will let you keep a bear on your property, but domestic pigs are prohibited. Iowa Code Annotated Title 16. Theyre very beneficial and should always be left alone to do their work keeping pests in control. All venomous reptiles in the Viperidae family, including vipers. If you see one, dont panic or run around. The non-venomous snakes are mostly water snakes, small garden snakes, or rat snakes. Tips for summer fishing and beating the heat. ET. "Dangerous wild animals" include: Some native wildlife may not be kept as pets, including: You will need a permit to possess the following "large carnivores", including: You may keep the following native wildlife as pets so long as you have a Wildlife Hobby Permit: Domestic animals kept as pets do not require a permit, and include: The following exotic animals may be kept as pets without a permit: Wild-caught species of large cats and bears and forbidden as pets. Physical Characteristics: This type resembles a worm, considering its size. This snake has 17 rows of keeled scales. The underside is white with slight gradation to gray or pale brown towards the tail. The belly is a dull gray, cream, or yellowish. Venomous snakes cant strike at a distance exceeding their body lengths. Genus: PantherophisSpecies: Pantherophis obsoletaAdult Length: 63-213 centimeters (2-7 ft.)Category: Constricting Snakes. Government of District section 8-1808, Florida Statutes Title XXVIII. Oregon Revised Statutes Animals sections 609.305 et seq. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. They have incredibly tiny heads that are often slightly darker than their bodies. Permits are not required in any county west of the Pecos River with a population under 25,000. Why snakes are important. All rights reserved. Wisconsin does not have exotic pet permits. Permits are required for restricted snakes that are 12 feet or longer, including: Permits are required for the following restricted snakes of any length: Non-native raccoons may be kept as pets with proper certification of veterinary inspection and proof of legal ownership. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Genus: CarphophisSpecies: Carphophis amoenusAdult Length: 20-30 centimeters (0.6-1 ft.)Category: Small Garden Snakes. Code of Massachusetts Regulations Title 321 Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. WebAre there any anacondas in Louisiana? Texas Tornadoes Cause Multiple Buildings to Collapse, Photos Swamp People: Serpent Invasion Although he has fought bans on the import and commerce of constrictor snakes, Wyatt admits that pythons and anacondas are a problem in the Everglades. WebBeni Anaconda ( Eunectes beniensis) These species have been restricted by the U.S. Counties, Cities, and Other Local Units section 65.877. The underside, in all cases, is white and patterned with brick-red, black or brown spots. Possession of dangerous animals is regulated by cities and counties. Massachusetts General Laws Part I. We've created informative articles that you can come back to again and again when you have questions or want to learn more! At least six tornadoes have been reported in Louisiana, Texas and Alabama. Hawaii Administrative Code Title 4. Youll hear stories about people being chased by racers because they often flee in the same direction of humans while trying to get to their safe spot, which can be misinterpreted as chasing. Sometimes theyre incorrectly called blue racers, though that subspecies is actually found in northern states near Illinois. It has a red snout and 17-19 rows of smooth dorsal scales. Physical Characteristics: The body could be simply dark brown or black in some cases, or pale gray or tan, with numerous rows of small black spots, stripes, or even a checkered pattern in some, on the anterior half. Other snakes overpower their prey and quickly swallow them alive. We are done with the venomous ones, now for the harmless, non-venomous species. The venom consists of certain tissue-destructive enzymes but is free of any neurotoxin. Their coloration is mostly shiny black with white undersides; they are gray in the southeastern regions of the state; olive to tan in the southwest, and bluish gray in the central and northern parts. Always remember that when youre visiting a forest or a sanctuary, you are visiting the homes of these creatures. This 12 foot long Burmese python was found wild in South Georgia near the Notchaway Creek. Cats, including hybrids with wild felines. They lay from 4-7 eggs. A total of six national parks have been constructed in this state: Atchafalaya National Heritage Area, Cane River National Heritage Area, Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Poverty Point National Monument, and Saline Bayou, a scenic river near Winn Parish in northern Louisiana. It prefers marshy and swampy areas. If you are not big fan of snakes, keep in mind most snakes are not aggressive except when defending themselves. But creatures that cant or wont move away are at risk of being swarmed, killed, and eaten. Physical Characteristics: Smooth scaled (15 rows) snakes with a slate gray body, and a distinct yellow collar along the neck. Delaware Code Title 3. Genus: RhadinaeaSpecies: Rhadinaea flavilataAdult Length: 25-33 centimeters (0.8-1.8 ft.)Category: Small Garden Snakes. The snake is quite reluctant when it comes to attacking, and is unable to control the amount of neurotoxin it injects, resulting in a very weak bite. Louisiana has about 47 species of snakes. They often wade into the water -- in the At the top of the list: crime. A pale stripe of the respective color is present on either side. Pet owners must have papers providing the supplier of the wildlife and date of acquisition. The undersides are white or pink. Types Of Snakes In Louisiana (Everything You Need To Know) Garter Now the storms move to the northeast of the country. Louisiana is home to 48 species of snakes in Louisiana, only seven of them venomous. He pointed out that the Burmese pythons, as bad as their invasion seems, face a constraint on their numbers that the green anaconda doesnt. Physical Characteristics: With looks similar to eastern ribbon snakes, these snakes are mostly seen in a black- or brown-colored body, and a central stripe either yellow, orange, or white colored, running all the way through their backs. The pythons were less of a problem than the media had made them out to be. The snakes snout is always red and its are scales smooth. Many exceptions and qualifications apply to these exotic animal laws. Waiting. Rick Scholle, who runs the campgrounds roadside zoo, examined the snake and realized that he was looking at a juvenile green anaconda. Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 37. Genus: VirginiaSpecies: Virginia valeriaeAdult Length: 15-33 centimeters (0.4-1 ft.)Category: Small Garden Snakes. "Dangerous wild animals" may not be kept as pets, including: Dangerous wild animals were grandfathered in. Physical Characteristics: The body is gray, tan, or orange above with distinct brick red crossbars. One of the most-commonly encountered snakes in Louisiana is also one of the smallest. Their underside is grayish white, or light tan, and they have approximately 23 rows of keeled scales. New Hampshire Code Administrative Rules. This means they wont attack you. Some pets are banned in Texas, including: Owners must have a Certificate of Registration (CPR) to own "dangerous wild animals", including: Pet owners must have a Residential Controlled Exotic Snake Permit for the following snakes: Keeping a pet alligator requires a special permit from the Department of Parks and Wildlife.