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Reconstruction in Practice. Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. the South divided into 5 military districts, Johnson toured the nation, where he gave speeches opposing the radicals in Congress. answer choices True False Question 19 30 seconds Q. Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream Compose a two-page essay explaining the ways in which the effects of Reconstruction may continue to affect our politics today. There was no profit for workers. legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. President Grant undoubtedly played a important role in what was the country's first civil rights movement in some ways, but Reconstruction had its shortcomings. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. Reconstruction "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# A Democrat and the only senator from the South who remained loyal to the Union, Johnson at first seemed ready to take a hard line against the former Confederacy. Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that still conservative Republicans. What was the congressional response? President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. Ex. WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? 5. President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. Democrats who were previously unable to vote due to their Confederate ties were now able to vote and run for office. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. Take sample from your personal experience. *SY(u% 9 `cw]}{(ugeFo, +mKk.]{g~S^NWs0znS`~Zm%,Kw~vBY5_oLx|? Describe the agriculture system of the New South. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI What did the Black Codes indicate to the North? Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. General Grant National Memorial, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, reconstruction era national historical park, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park. Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. Where did most black Americans live in 1900? Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. Much of the South lay in ruins with But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. #o`9} }#9BNDo9L(]xA g|XW.o&pI.78DBjV]^;. In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. 10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. Did it accomplish anything? There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. Question 4 As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream Southern Democrats who packed their bags and fled to the West and North to escape the progressive aims of Radical Reconstruction. Think about the italicized questions WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. 0. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? But how much really changed? How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? Required 50% of southern white men to swear allegiance of the union and accept the end of slavery. How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. &!O3bsJ!WK^86QP91IDY LcB=G[s^P`~`AB)Pd~yfOqbS(ox2GWb{quG9sX }Lg U[* The speeches backfired. Who did the states and congress give free land to? pF{:RTV Nursing care plan about Risk for fetal injury related to shoulder dystocia? Would he or she feel anger over, anything? Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. (southern Democrats). What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. The Radical. 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? Which plan was the hardest on the South? Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? there was corruption, but no more in the South than the North and no more than usual in the gov't, but Democrats kept this myth alive to keep power. They were northerners who came south for jobs. Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? A Short Overview of the Reconstruction Era and Ulysses S. Grant's The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. Reconstruction Quiz Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. The long alliance between the women's movement and the abolitionist cause broke, and women struggled on their own for another half century for the right to vote. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. Compare Allende's description of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the narrator and Petrus in "Six Feet of the Country". What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? For all groups: The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Group A: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass, Address to the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, April 1865, Group B: Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. accomplished nothing, it was almost never enforced. It was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. gave blacks equal access to public accommodations Reconstruction was successful in helping to reunite a divided country. The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. WebIdentify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. . Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. Fear of black rule. Tradesmen hoping to take advantage of the vast number of construction contracts being offered to rebuild the war-torn South. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. In the Senate? %%EOF Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. - Evaluating Reconstruction - Evaluating Reconstruction - Course "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. white violence, KKK, terrorizing blacks and those who supported them so they wouldn't vote. Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? What segregated (separated) blacks & whites after Reconstruction. He antagonized the northern voters. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. Yes, a few. Irving E. Lowery, Life on the Old Plantation in Ante-Bellum Days, 1911, Group C: Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, From the Cotton Field to the Cotton Mill: A Study of the Industrial Transition in North Carolina, 1906, Group D: The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. Removing #book# Senators? HUn0+(cj , @X! While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. Explain your choice. Andrew Johnson. The teacher may also wish to visit the two EDSITEment-reviewed websites mentioned above for additional background material concerning reconstruction: America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War and Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Who did southern voters elect to office under the terms of presidential reconstruction? that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` The Ku Klux Klan was a secretive, racist organization who used violence and fear to intimidate freedmen and whites that supported freedmen. What were some of the accomplishments of the Reconstruction legislatures? WebReconstruction refers to the period 1) the period before the Civil War 2) the period after the Civil War 3) the era of civil rights movement 4) the era after the Revolutionary War 2. the Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? Congressional Reconstruction. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. HUKo@+VaX@R)nQ1 cwfgK.^|[EsyRBoe &:|. iqQ1c@:)~ TBSQs*qUN!hGm!y~ ;9Yz`E_>| ? :d l%Ope,s/4*rxWOOORcH!G*Q-9#E&iP@Lm6DE#4rt>Oi>'~h[WFW8D'UF1;6>3R^}kE`VqL0, DLi] ZP7 ~K]M6 What was the purpose of the military Reconstruction Act quizlet? The Military Reconstruction Act stated that remaining Confederate states that had not been reconstructed would be divided into five military districts and put under martial law. State governments set up under Johnsons Reconstruction plan were deemed illegal and new governments were to be formed. Blacks were required to either sign labor contracts or face arrest for vagrancy, and they were not allowed to serve on juries or testify in court. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Reconstruction The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. African Americans began to be elected to federal, state, and local governmental posts. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. The Freedmans Bureau played a key role in helping African Americans gain access to basic needs, education, property, and health care during Reconstruction. The vote in the Senate was thirtyfive to nineteen in favor of conviction, one short of the necessary twothirds majority. They came from a wide variety of backgrounds ranging from highly-educated professionals to former Civil War soldiers. Reconstruction How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? Who did it benefit? What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? %PDF-1.5 % the redeemers. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. If loading fails, click here to try again. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W Who was it supposed to help? In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. Question 11 30 seconds Q. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. The government would pay farmers to grow specific crops that were particularly in demand. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. They passed two bills. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. They had to have enough money to pay poll tax and had to pass a literacy test. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional Who were its members? Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. hb```c``e`f`xb,@($yQAI &l&a81r``Hs20A4 dUf ` hb```b``Vd`f``fc@ >3G#C \5lb`(q.UrA) g``0PZTQH1;kz7/2FI1iMF>C20Jin83lFy6W iB5; The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. The Aftermath of Reconstruction Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. What tactic was used? In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. The next century would see African Americans continuing to fight for the legal rights they had been granted and were rightfully entitled to. Who were the Exodusters? What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? for freed slaves. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N- Previous He believed the South should not be welcomed back into the Union, He believed the Southern states should have to recognize equal rights for African Americans before being welcomed back into the Union, He insisted that a majority of Southern citizens take an oath of loyalty before the South could be welcomed back into the Union.